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Phra Kachathan, adorned with beautiful gems, exudes a captivating presence.This article explores the significance of elephants in Thailand since the Sukhothai period. Historical inscriptions tell the tale of King Ramkhamhaeng the Great's beloved white elephant named Rujakri, adorned with ornaments, leading people in acts of merit at a Sukhothai monastery. Elephants hold a special place in Thai society, particularly in the revered Thai royal court. The white elephant, rare and esteemed, is believed to be sacred, with traditions tracing back to ancient times and drawing inspiration from Indian customs. In the past, virtuous wild elephants were presented to the King as royal white elephants, symbolizing peace and prosperity for the nation. When an important elephant enters the royal court, grand ceremonies are held, bestowing titles like Phraya Chang Ton or Nang Phraya Chang Ton of the reign. These magnificent creatures are adorned with decorative ornaments and royal insignia, cherished and passed down through generations. The ornamentation of elephants holds significance not only in Thailand but also in neighboring regions. Inscriptions, like Sdok Kok Thom in Sa Kaeo province from the 16th Buddhist century, depict gods being worshipped with offerings of elephants adorned with armor and ornaments, resembling furniture. Similarly, Khmer art at Angkor Wat from the 17th Buddhist century portrays an elephant adorned in royal robes, showcasing the age-old tradition of embellishing these majestic animals.
This cultural connection extends to neighboring territories as well.
In addition, the adornment of Thai elephants' crowns is evident in artworks from the Ayutthaya period, such as Phra Kachathan, a golden elephant, and stucco sculptures at Wat Chang Rop pagoda in Kamphaeng Phet. Paintings from the late Ayutthaya period depict Vessantara bestowing a white elephant to a Brahmin on the tipitaka cabinet. The tradition of ornamentation continues during the Rattanakosin period, with art showcasing early elephants adorned for each reign, like images of Phra Vessantara during King Rama I's era and an elephant in royal robes at the Temple of the Emerald Buddha during King Rama III's reign.
Sources:
Somsak Ritphakdi, Phra Sawet Adulyadej Phahon Elephant ornaments from the early Rattanakosin period in the reign of King Rama IX.
Elephant-shaped container from Chao Sam Phraya National Museum.
